PATHIOCHEMICAL RISK FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SUGAR DIABETES (LITERATURE REVIEW) 

Ereshchenko Alena Anatol'evna, Assistant, sub-department of fundamental and clinical biochemistry with laboratory diagnostics, Samara State Medical University (89 Chapaevskaya street, Samara, Russia), E-mail: bio-sam@yandex.ru
Ivanova Natal'ya Vyacheslavovna, Assistant, sub-department of fundamental and clinical biochemistry with laboratory diagnostics, Samara State Medical University (89 Chapaevskaya street, Samara, Russia), E-mail: bio-sam@yandex.ru
Potyakina Elena Evgen'evna, Assistant, sub-department of fundamental and clinical biochemistry with laboratory diagnostics, Samara State Medical University (89 Chapaevskaya street, Samara, Russia), E-mail: bio-sam@yandex.ru
Videnin Arseniy Andreevich, Student, Samara State Medical University (89 Chapaevskaya street, Samara, Russia), E-mail: bio-sam@yandex.ru
Borodina Inessa Anatol'evna, Student, Samara State Medical University (89 Chapaevskaya street, Samara, Russia), E-mail: bio-sam@yandex.ru 

616.379-008.64-056.52-02:577.175.722 

10.21685/2072-3032-2019-1-10 

The article presents recent data on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world and in the Russian Federation. Modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors of the development of diabetes mellitus have been identified. The peculiarities of the mechanism of realization of hypoglycemic effect of insulin in muscles, adipose tissue, liver was investigated. Molecular and biochemical pathology factors of development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are presented. The most common mutations in the insulin gene and in the gene of the insulin receptor are described. Possible mechanisms of action of substances (triglycerides, free fatty acids and such adipokines as resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, adiponectin), which may lead to the formation of insulin resistance are described in detail. 

diabetes mellitus, insulin, insulin resistance, obesity, risk factors 

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